31^st International Conference on Pediatrics Health March 30-31, 2022 Berlin, Germany

Biography:

Mujeebullah Mahboob is a pediatrics consultant and Emergency physician works with French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC) at Kabul, Afghanistan. He completed medical Faculty (MD) at Kabul medical university from 2008-2015 then Completed residency program in pediatric medicine at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC) under the supervision of Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) from 2015-2019. Currently he works as consultant pediatrician and Pediatrics Emergency Physician with FMIC since Apr 2019 till to date.

Abstract:

1 First Author: Dr. Mujeebullah Mahboob, MD, Pediatrcian (FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan)

2 Second Author: Dr. Abdul Jamil Rassoli, MD, Pediatrcian (FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan)

3Third Author: Ms. Ambreen Gowani, Instructor Biostatistics (PhD) (Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan)

Introduction: The long-term prognosis of children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSND) is excellent. However, half of them will develop frequent relapsing (FR) disease which is a major challenge for physicians to manage. Many patients with FR nephrotic syndrome experiencing complications of immunosuppression and steroid toxicity which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is very important to find out children who are prone to develop FR nephrotic syndrome early in the course of the illness.

Objective: The aim of our study was to identify the risk factors associated with relapse in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS).

Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan from January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 120 children aged 1-10 years with the diagnosis of SSNS and a minimum follow up of 6 months were included in the study. Data obtained retrospectively from reviewing medical record files. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Chi-squared test and Student's t-Test were used as statistical tests and p< 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Out of 120 children, 112 (93.3%) of the participant suffered from SSNS, 53 (44.2%) were FR and 67 (55.8%) were IFR. The mean age of presentation was (4.3±2.5) years. There were 65 (54.2%) males and 55 (45.8%) females with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The mean time taken to achieve remission during the first episode was (1.4±0.8) weeks and the mean time interval between remission and first relapse was (7.3±2.8) months. Risk factors significantly associated with FR were: young age (14 days) time taken to achieve remission during the first episode (p=0.0001), relapse within the first 6 months of remission (p=0.0001), interruption of treatment (p=0.002) and associated infections (p=0.014). In our study, asthma attack and duration of corticosteroid therapy did not influence the pattern of relapse.

Conclusion: Young age at the time of initial presentation, female gender, >14 days’ time to achieve remission during the first episode, relapse within the first 6 months of remission, associated infections and interruption of treatment were the risk factors significantly associated with FR nephrotic syndrome.

Biography:

Benyam Seifu Woldeyes was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 1991. He received the BSc degree in Midwifery from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, in 2013, MSc master degree in Maternity and Reproductive health from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, in 2017 and MPH master degree in General Public Health from Jimma University, Ethiopia, in 2019. In 2014 he joined Ambo University Department of Midwifery and engaged in teaching, community service and research from lecturer to his current position of Assistant Professor. He was able to published 11 manuscripts on the area of maternal & child health and reproductive health and 5 manuscripts under review process.   

Abstract:

Background: Neonatal mortality is the death of neonates that happens within the first 28th day of life. The first 28 days of life is the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Hence the aim is to estimate the survival time and to investigate predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted NICU at public hospitals west shewa zone, Ethiopia.Methods: Hospital -based prospective cohort study was conducted among 495 newborns admitted in public hospital neonatal intensive care unit from August 01 to December 2019. Data was entered into EPI info version 7.1 and exported to STATA version 14 statistical software for analysis. Kaplan and Meier's method was used to estimate neonatal survival functions and Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis was carried out in order to identify the independent predictors of time to death. Result: A total of 495 neonates were followed for 28 days at NICU and 78 were died and making the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was 157 per 1000 live births. During the follow-up, 20 (25.6%) neonates died in the first day, 39 (50%) neonates died within three days and 70 (89.7%) neonates died within a week. The independent maternal predictors of time to death were; hypertension during pregnancy(AHR:1.78(95%CI:1.04-3.03), anemia during pregnancy (AHR:2.00;95%CI:1.13-3.54), short birth interval (AHR:1.55;95%CI:1.03-2.34),induced labor (AHR: 3.25;95%CI: 1.87-5.65), no ANC follow up (AHR: 2.06 ;95% (CI: 1.26-3.38).and Neonatal predictors were: sever APGAR at five minutes (AHR:2.59;95%CI: 1.53- 4.38), not initiating breastfeeding within one hours(AHR:1.8;95%(CI: 1.13-2.99).Conclusion and recommendation

The risk of mortality among neonates admitted to the NICU was high. Both maternal and neonatal predictors were found to determine survival status and timing of death among neonates admitted to the NICU. In order to reduce the incidence of death, efforts should be initiated before conception by adequate birth spacing and during pregnancy by encouraging women to start ANC follow-up and get treatment for medical disorders during pregnancy. Providing all initial new-born care and early identification of new-borns that need critical care will improve survival of neonates at low-resourced NICU.

Recent Publications

1. Seifu, B., Belema, D., Mamo, K., Bulto, G.A., 2021. Determinants of Neonatal Hypothermia Among Babies Born in Public Hospitals of West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study. Res. Reports Neonatol. Volume 11, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.2147/rrn.s293123
2. Seifu, B., Yilma, D., 2021. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Lactating Women in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Lactating Women in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2020 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BioMed Res J 5, 327–342.
3. Bulto, G.A., Fekene, D.B., Seifu, B., Debelo, B.T., 2021. Determinants of Neonatal Sepsis among Neonates Admitted to Public Hospitals in Central Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-control Study.Glob. Pediatr. Heal. 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X211026186
4. Seifu, B., Yilma, D., Daba, W., 2020. Knowledge, Utilization and Associated Factors of Postpartum Family Planning Among Women Who Had Delivered a Baby in the Past Year in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Open Access J. Contracept. Volume 11, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.2147/oajc.s268561
5. Fekene, D., Daba, G., & Seifu, B. (2020). Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcome in West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia Hospital Based Unmatched Case-control Study.

Biography:

Mecha Aboma is working as a Lecturer in (College of medicine and health science department of public health) Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.

Abstract:

Background: Globally, in 2017, there were nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal diseases, and it is the second most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Sanitary conditions, Poor housing, unhygienic environment, inadequate safe water supply, cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and lack of storage facilities for food combining with socio-economic and behavioral factors  are the common determinate of  diarrhea diseases and had a large impact on diarrhea incidence in most of the developing countries

Methods: A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 407 systematically sampled under-five children of Jimma Geneti District (135 with diarrhea and 272 without diarrhea) from May 01 to 30, 2020. Data was collected using an interview administered questionnaire and observational checklist adapted from the WHO/UNICEF core questionnaire and other related literature. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were done by using SPSS version 20.0.

Result: Sociodemographic determinants such as being a child of 12-23 months of age (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.68-6.46) and parents/legal guardian’s history of diarrheal diseases (AOR 7.38, 95% CI 3.12-17.44) were significantly associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Environmental and Behavioral factors such as unavailability of handwashing facility nearby latrine (AOR 5.22, 95% CI 3.94-26.49), lack of handwashing practice at critical times (AOR 10.6, 95% CI 3.74-29.81), improper domestic solid waste disposal practice (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.39-5.18) and not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.25-4.81) were found important determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children.

Conclusion: Unavailability of hand-washing facility nearby latrine, mothers/caregivers history of last two weeks diarrheal diseases, improper latrine utilization, lack of hand-washing practice at critical times, improper solid waste disposal practices, and rotavirus vaccination status were the determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children identified in this study. Thus, promoting the provision of continuous and modified health information program for the households on the importance of sanitation, personal hygiene, and vaccination against rotavirus is fundamental to decrease the burden of diarrheal disease among under-five children.