Pediatrics Health

Yellow Fever (YF) is a viral disease, it is an acute non-contagious zoonotic infection and it causes a great hepatic incapacity. It occurred mainly in the countries of South America and Africa, reaching an average of 200,000 people and 30,000 deaths a year. Brazil has the largest endemic area of Silvestre YF form, while urban transmission occurs mostly in Africa. In the period from 2016 to 2017 Brazil experienced the biggest outbreak of the disease. This descriptive study determined a prevalence of YF in a historical series and evaluated an extension of the areas of risk. The data from 2001 to 2015 were extracted from the national system of notification diseases, and from 2016 to 2018 using the Health Information Bulletins of the Ministry of Health. In the outbreaks of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 there was a incidence of 0.32/100,000 inhabitants and 0.66/100,000 inhabitants, respectively. These values represented a 13-fold increase when comparing the year of 2016/2017 and the incidence of 2008: 0.02/100,000 inhabitants and 29 times in the period 2017/2018. From 2016 there was an increase of the risk area, which occurred in the North Region, where the Amazon rainforest is located to the states in the Southeast Region as Minas Gerais, SãoPaulo, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. There was a predominance of the wild form the greater frequency of individuals living in rural areas. The development of an epizootic surveillance and vector control program is essential, in addition to greater access to health services and vaccine coverage programs for the prevention of new outbreaks and the urban form of the disease.